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by Lemuel Gulliver_Archive
I'm a little surprised to see things like Fight Club on here as classics or great books. It might be a good read, but I think it gets pretty far away from Bradley's question.
I'll submit at least two:
Title: The Prince
Author: Niccolo Machiavelli
Summary: At once a political guide book for the busy executive while cloaked as a ploy for a job in the vein of one of those "mirrors of princes" asskissing writings that people were sending to rulers at the time. A careful, slow reading of it--including the Dedicatory Letter--will reveal the birth of modernity: Wholesale questioning of God, morality, science, and philosophy.
Importance: immeasurable.
Title: The Apology
Author: Plato [Get the West and West translation: It's literal and accurate without being stilted.]
Summary: Socrates is on trial in Athens for (1) not believing in the gods of the city, and (2) corrupting the youth of Athens. He defends himself and his actions while making the case for philosophy as a choiceworthy endeavor. It remains debateable whether Socrates was guilty [I'd say the evidence is overwhelmingly against him], and whether he "throws" the fight [I'd say he does]. Nonetheless, throughout the action of the dialogue, we see the incompatibility of philosophy and the city (politics) and we see the example of both why and how a philosopher must go underground, as it were, to avoid persecution. Also in this volume are Aristophanes' The Clouds, and The Crito. I'd suggest starting with the Clouds, moving to the Apology, and then finish with Crito. They're all quite short.
Importance: Again, it shows you how unsufferable being an overly-analytical prig can be. But how choiceworthy! The Clouds shows this problem in the context of social bonds and order, the Apology in the city and politics in general, and Crito shows the difficulties such a life presents when challenged with (unreasoning) law.