HOTH -
Do you want to buy something now for pretty cheap that you can use to hear those records? Or do you want to buy something now that's real nice and that you won't have to replace?
If it's the former, I'd say get a cheap integrated amplifier. Here's the general ebay listing for such things:
http://electronics.listings.ebay.com/Am ... ngItemList
I wouldn't necessarily buy off ebay, but looking around here and paying attention to familiar (not esoteric) brand names like Fisher, Pioneer, etc. should give you an idea of what to look for. Then go pawnshopping or ebaying or whatever.
Keep in mind the principal of signal chain. That is, follow the sound as it moves from your turntable to the speaker. Between the needle and your speaker, you need
1. A turntable to convert the movement of the needle to an electric stereo signal. This must have a separate signal ground.
2. A preamp to add the RIAA curve and slightly amplify the signal to a line level.
3. An amplifier to turn your line level signal to something that can power speakers.
An integrated amplifier is integrated because it combines (that is, integrates) the preamp and the amp. With that scenario, you still need to plug the turntable into the integrated amp's "phono input (and ground)" and the speakers into the "speaker out".
Remember that your signal is travelling in one direction. So an input cannot be an output. Your speaker clamps are an output - outputting the amplified signal to a speaker. The wires hanging off your turntable are an output - outputting the non-equalized, low level signal to the preamp/amp.
Make sense yet? This type of thing is easier shown than explained.
= Justin